Annette Baier: The Need for More than Justice

Review: “Feminist ethics shares the general feminist goal of eliminating the subordination and oppression of women and enhancing societal respect for women’s viewpoints and capacities. Toward this end, feminist ethics adopts a number of diverse methodological strategies, including the defense of theories and concepts that seem more compatible with women’s modes of reflection and understanding […]

John Rawls: A Theory of Justice

Review: The first principle of justice according to Rawl’s states that “Each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive total system of equal basic liberties compatible with a similar system of liberty for all”. Meaning we must be treated equally and we must know how to treat equally not only to […]

James Rachels: Egoism and Moral Sceptism

Review: Entering the cave, Gyges discovered that it was in fact the tomb of an enthroned corpse who wore a golden ring, which Gyges pocketed. While Ethical Egoism is by contrast, a normative view about men ought to act.       The second argument; since so called unselfish actions always produce a sense of self-satisfaction in the […]

John Arthur: Religion, Morality and Conscience

Review: According to Arthur morality and religion are thus different, morality tend to evaluate (perhaps without even pressing it) the behavior of others and to feel guilt at certain actions when we perform them. On the other hand religion typically involves prayer, worship, beliefs about the supernatural, institutional form and authority’s texts.Another thing would be […]

Friedrich Nietzche: Master and Slave Morality

Review: Nietzche argues that healthy society should allow superior individuals to exercise their will of power their drive toward domination and exploitation of inferior. To refrain mutually from injury, from violence, from exploitation and puts one’s will on a part with that to others: this may result in a certain rough sense in good conduct among […]

Mary Midgley: Trying out One’s New Sword

Review: Moral Isolationism the view of anthropologist and others that cannot criticize cultures we do not understand. She argues that moral isolationism is essentially a doctrine of immoralist because it forbids any moral reasoning. Furthermore, it falsely assumes that cultures are separate and unmixed, whereas most cultures are in fact formed of many influences. To respect […]

John Stuart Mill: utilitarianism

Review: The principle of utility is but on instrument in maximizing pleasures. It tends to increase or maximize pleasures or happiness or to prevent pain and unhappiness. The comparison of the Epicurean life to that of beast is felt a degrading, precisely because a beast pleasures do not satisfy a human beings conceptions of happiness. […]

James Rachels: The Debate over Utilitarianism

Review: Classical Utilitarianism the theory defended by Bentham and Mill can be summarized in three propositions: First actions are to be judge right or wrong solely in virtue of their consequences. Nothing else matter. Right actions are simply those that have the best consequences. Second, in accessing consequences the only thing that matter is the […]

Immanuel Kant: The Categorical Imperative

Review: Kant stated that it is impossible to conceive anything at all in the world or even out if it, which can be taken as good without qualification, except goodwill. For without the principles of good things may become exceedingly bad; and the very coolness of scoundrel makes them not merely more dangerous but also […]

Aristotle: Happiness and Values

Review: In this chapter this tackles about both happiness and values in different views but still focus on the view of ariatotle. happiness according to Aristotle means really a lot but what he emphasizes about it is that; all humans beings, seek happiness is not pleasure, honour, wealth, but an activity of the soul in […]